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WHAT IS ANDROID

The version history of the Android operating system began with the release of the Android beta in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, and has seen a number of updates to its base operating system since its original release. These updates typically fix bugs and add new features. Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a codename and released in alphabetical order: 

• Cupcake,
• Donut, 
• Éclair, 
• Froyo,
• Gingerbread,
• Honeycomb, 
• Ice Cream Sandwich,
• Jelly Bean. 

The most recent major update was Jelly Bean v4.1, which was announced in June 2012, and released into the Android Open Source Project a month later.

SOURCE  : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history

WiFi Booster DIY

                                     DIY  Can WiFi Booster

First of all, you will have to pick one can of any beer brand that you prefer from any store that you like. After enjoying the content of the beer can, you will have to wash it thoroughly and remove the pull tab. No matter how much you like the smell of beer, you do not want your router to have this odor. It is recommended to remove the pull tab after washing the can, as the router’s antenna will go through the hole.

What you need to do after washing the beer can and  letting it dry is to cut the upper part using the utility knife (see left image). The base also needs to be cut, but not completely, as you will still need it to be attached to the can.

Next, you will need to cut the can  lengthwise, starting from the part that is opposite to the base. Finally, you have to cut a hole through the base of the can. The hole needs to be big enough to accommodate the antenna of the router. After attaching the cut beer can as seen in the lower right picture, you will notice that the WiFi signal of your router will increase dramatically.

Using a beer can for this project is obviously one of the cheapest solutions, but soft drink cans will work as well. As a matter of fact, any sheet of aluminum will do, as this is the material from which the cans for these beverages are made. The only thing you need to make sure after setting up this beer can WiFi booster is that kids do not get near it, as they could easily cut themselves.

please go to http://walyou.com/diy-beer-can-wifi-booster/

Wireless Networks

Every modern notebookis Wi-Fi enabled, allowing internet access from any part of the globe. But while using your wireless notebook, you should be aware of Wi-Fi standards, hotspots, and how to effectively use this technology to make the optimum use of yournotebook.

The 802.11g Wi-Fi standard is the latest standard, which your notebook follows when you are online. The Wi-Fi alphabet spaghetti consists of protocols like 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, and 802.20. However, for most notebook users 802.11 would be sufficient with added `a`, `b`, or `g`.

There are protocols like `e`, `h`, `i`, and `n` that are waiting in the wings to make their entry. Nevertheless, as of now, 802.11g is the only protocol that one needs to think when it comes to wireless connectivity. The latest Wi-Fi standard is the 802.11g and offers connection speeds up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz radio bands, which is five times more than the previous standard 802.11b. It is more stable, more secure, and backward compatible.

Almost all notebooks that are manufactured today are 802.11g Wi-Fi standard ready. This standard is also designed to replace the older Wired EquivalentPrivacy or WEP by specifying the Wi-Fi Protected Access or WPA. The WPA will function as an interim solution, until the next standard, the 802.11i networksecurity standard is implemented with a new algorithm called Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, which shall be much more secure and reliable.

However, until the new standard is implemented, the 802.11g is to be followed. There are only two disadvantages with this notebook Wi-Fi standard, that firstly, since it is a new standard, it may not perform as promised; and secondly, with fast emerging latest technologies, it may become obsolete by newer standards before you have the time to benefit from it.

Few tips for a secure Wi-Fi experience:

1 - You should raise the level of your laptop settings. Raise the securitysettings of software applications like Microsoft Outlook and Internet Explorer. Update them frequently to ensure latest protection from hackers and viruses. You should keep the encryption feature always on to ensure safest browsing with Wi-Fi.

2 - Along with the software, you should also consider updating to better hardware. Hackers have always found 802.11a and 802.11b very easy to hack. However, 802.11g is harder to crack and you should consider upgrading your hardware to a `g` card. An 802.11g is backward compatible with IEEE 802.11b, thus 802.11g can leverage the widespread, international adoption of IEEE 802.11b in products from laptops to PDAs. A personal firewall, such as ZoneAlarm or BlackICE can significantly add up to the security level of yournotebook.

3 - Whenever you are using your notebook at a Wi-Fi hotspot, make it a point not to send data. While you are surfing, do not type your credit-card number, expiration date, passwords, bank account numbers, etc. Sensitive data are the goldmines for hackers, and they will swipe your bank account before you can finish saying, ` I have been a victim of online identity theft!`

4 - Consider not staying online while working. If the risks outweigh the benefits, then it would be better to stay offline; at least until the new 802.11i standard is not implemented. Even then, the security can be breached, albeit with difficulty. If you do not need Wi-Fi to implement your work, then stay switched off. If you need the Wi-Fi just to send and receive files, then stay connected for only that period. Rest of the time, stay offline.

Precautions to take at a public Wi-Fi hotspot:

Whenever you are in public domain, you need to take precautions, as it is free for all. The Wi-Fi hotspots are available to any and every person, and anybody can be connected. Besides online thefts, there is also the risk of offline thefts.

While in a public hotspot, do not be so absorbed with your notebook, that you fail to notice the people around you. There are persons who are in the business of stealing notebooks, from public hotspots. And they do not operate as individuals but as a gang.

Also, while you are online at a public hotspot, follow simple rules like encrypting files before transferring or emailing them; making sure you are connected to a legitimate access point; and file sharing is turned off. Basic precautions like password protecting your notebook, updating your system regularly, and using anti-virus software should be strictly followed. For further online security, consider using a personal firewall, a virtual private Network (VPN), and web-based email with secure http (https).

Having a good Wi-Fi experience directly translates into a satisfying Internet experience. With the above suggestions being implemented, you are guaranteed to have a pleasant online time with your notebook.

This article is under GNU FDL license and can be distributed without any previous authorization from the author. However the author's name and all the URLs (links) mentioned in the article and biography must be kept.

Source: Free Articles

Broadband Internet: What You Need To Know

Broadband Internet involves using a high speed modem. This allows you to access information on the internet very quickly, so it is commonly referred to as high speed Internet. Broadband Internet can be in the form of DSL, cable, or satellite. As the popularity of the internet exploded in the early 2000's, Broadband Internet emerged, offering computer users something better. It was quite expensive at first but has become more affordable. Today it is featured around the world.

If you are still using dial up Internet connections then you may be wondering what all the hype is about. After all, it does get you connected to the internet as well! Most people switch their home Internet service to Broadband after experiencing the difference between the two while accessing the internet on their office computer. You can go to a public library as well to try a computer with Broadband Internet for a couple of hours, and then decide which one you would rather have.

DSL is the most common type of Broadband Internet connection. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. It allows high volumes of data to be transmitted quickly. Some rural areas have cable that offers Broadband connections. One downside of it is that all the customers share a certain amount of bandwidth so you can find your Broadband Internet functioning slowly at times. Cable companies try to avoid this by adding additional connections as the number of customer's increases. A satellite Broadband connection works the same way.

Broadband Internet has become very popular because it offers so many advantages over dial up Internet access. It is up to 10 times faster. This means you can access information on the Internet almost the instant you click on it. Since it doesn't operate on your phone line, you can still take phone calls while being connected to the internet. This also means you won't get disconnected in the middle of something or not be able to get online during peak hours.

Many people choose to watch movies and videos on the internet. Having Broadband Internet allows you to download them or view them quickly as it doesn't take long to buffer them. Listening and downloading music is another popular feature of the internet that works well with Broadband Internet service.

Broadband Internet can be purchased from a variety of providers. It is becoming a popular feature of Internet service providers as well as cable providers. This is a great opportunity for you to get a package deal on cable services and Broadband Internet. You will save money over having them at two separate providers. Broadband Internet costs more than dial up internet service, but it is well worth the speed you get for accessing the internet.

All three Broadband Internet connections work very well. You should make your choice after comparing what is available in your area. Next compare the prices and the installation charges. Many Broadband providers run periodic promotions where they will do the installation for free. This is a great way to save money. You should also ask your friends and family what Broadband Internet provider they use and their experiences. You want a Broadband Internet provider that offers great prices and excellent customer support.

The newest wave of communication is the Voice Over Internet Protocol, known as VOIP, it allows you to speak to people all over the world with unbelievable clarity. It is used by businesses because it offers a great solution for conference calls. The charges are often billed as a local call rather than long distance. For anyone who makes a great deal of long distance calls for leisure or business, this is the perfect phone solution. However, VOIP requires a Broadband Internet connection to function.

Source: Free Articles

Do This and Your PC Will Start Up Much Faster

Are you suffering from starting problems with your PC? Is your PC taking a very long time to boot up and start working? Do this and your PC will start up much faster.
The registry is the heart of the computer. It is the one location where references to all the installations of all the software and hardware installed on your computer is located. Also all the settings of your computer are also saved on the registry only. So the registry and its speed will ensure the fast start up of your PC.
A registry though is very vulnerable as it is the only place where such vital information is located. Every time a program is removed or re installed some of the entries remain in the registry and are not removed. Soon the number and amount of all such entries increases to such an extent that it starts affecting the booting speed of your computer. So if you buy a proper registry cleaner from the internet and install it in your computer, it will remove all such orphaned entries from your computer and will definitely do a world of good to you and your PC. Do this and your PC will start up much faster.
You can also try increasing the size of your main memory. This can be done by freeing space on the hard disk of your computer or else by buying a new main memory that will lead to huge costs. When you will free the space on your hard disk, the virtual memory of your computer will also increase and hence that will lead to an increase in the size of your main memory. As you do this and your PC will start up much faster.
One of the other potential problems that could be the reason for your slow start up is also the number of programs that you have installed in the start-up folder of your system. Remove a few of those programs that start on start up. Next, take some time out and de fragment your installation drive. This also can be very good for speeding up the system. De fragmentation arranges all the data present in your system in a proper sequence. Do this and your PC will start up much faster.
If you try out all of the solutions listed above, I am sure that your system will soon be starting up much faster as compared to before.
for a free scan and more information on registry cleaners click here http://www.pctool-registrycleaner.com.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Summer_Smith

CMOS FOR KEEP TIME

A computer needs a certain amount of information to operate; for example, the date and time, the amount of memory installed, the number of drives and their configuration, and so on. In the early days of computers, either the user typed in this information each time the computer started, or it was set using DIP switches and jumpers. Today, computers store this information in a CMOS chip that uses a small battery to retain the information when the computer is shut off.
CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) is type of chip that consumes very little power; therefore, while the computer is turned off, the battery discharges very slowly. But the battery will totally discharge if you leave your computer turned off for a year or so. Even if you turn your computer on every day, the battery is designed to last only a couple of years. Occasionally a battery will fail prematurely.
Today's plug-and-play computers can detect most of the necessary settings, but if your CMOS battery is dead, your computer will not be able to retain the date and time. The computer will also lose any custom settings, for example, the boot sequence. If you set a password in CMOS, you may be locked out of the computer. If the CMOS battery does fail, you might receive the message "System Configuration Lost" when you start the computer. It would be wise to record all the CMOS settings as a precaution.
To record the CMOS settings, watch for an on-screen prompt when you first start your computer. The prompt tells you to press a key, usually the Del or F2, to enter CMOS. To enter the CMOS configuration utility, you have to press the indicated key while the message is on the screen. After the CMOS configuration screen appears, follow the instructions provided to page through all the screens and record all the settings.
If your computer loses its time setting overnight, the CMOS battery may not be holding a charge. The CMOS battery is located inside the case on the motherboard. Changing the battery is usually a job for a computer technician. In fact, a layman might not even be able to find the battery.
If you want to locate the CMOS battery in your computer, be aware that a static discharge from your hands can damage components inside the case. After taking proper precautions, open the case and look on the motherboard for a battery. If you have a diagram of your motherboard, locate the battery on the diagram first.
Different motherboards use different types of batteries. The battery may be shaped like a barrel or a coin. Some motherboards use a component that resembles a chip which contains the CMOS and the battery (made by DALLAS or Benchmarq). Batteries come in different voltages, so make sure you get an exact replacement.
Sometimes the battery is mounted in a holder. Sometimes it is soldered to the motherboard. De-soldering and re-soldering a battery is usually a job for a computer technician. An inexperienced solderer can cause a lot of damage. If you want to try to do it yourself, first practice on an obsolete circuit board. You may change your mind.
If the CMOS battery has failed because it's too old, this might be an opportunity to upgrade your motherboard. When upgrading a motherboard, the most important considerations are to make sure the new motherboard is the correct form factor for your case, and that the new motherboard has the correct bus connector slots for your expansion boards.

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About The Author
Stephen Bucaro
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